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. 2012 Mar 27;27(5):319–332. doi: 10.1007/s10654-012-9674-x

Table 4.

Unadjusted/age-adjusted, gender-specific BMD in patients with diabetes and controls per skeletal site (mean ± SD g/cm2)

Reference Female Male
Sample size (case/control) Diabetes Non-diabetes P value Sample size (case/control) Diabetes Non-diabetes P value
Skeletal site of BMD measurement: femoral neck
 Barrett-Connor [11] 37/237 0.664 ± 0.118a 0.610 ± 0.118a <0.01 41/139 0.747 ± NA 0.744 ± NAa NS
 Sosa [47] 47/252 0.756 ± 0.146 0.737 ± 0.115 NS
 Tuominen [48] 34/240 0.881 ± 0.143 0.872 ± 0.131 NS
 Dennison [49] 32/278 0.830 ± 0.120 0.740 ± 0.110 <0.0001 33/349 0.900 ± 0.130 0.840 ± 0.110 0.03
 Gerdhem [12] 67/961 0.820 ± 0.120 0.740 ± 0.110 <0.0001
 de Liefde [14] 326/3,049 0.859 ± 0.148 0.826 ± 0.134 <0.0001 254/2,195 0.946 ± 0.149 0.914 ± 0.136 0.0003
 Majima [7] 81/54 0.620 ± 0.153 0.660 ± 0.118 NS 64/41 0.759 ± 0.137 0.767 ± 0.108 NS
 Schwartz [51] (white) 97/383 0.670 ± 0.110 0.640 ± 0.100 <0.05 153/395 0.800 ± 0.120 0.760 ± 0.130 <0.05
 Schwartz [51] (black) 125/225 0.790 ± 0.130 0.730 ± 0.130 <0.05 105/169 0.890 ± 0.140 0.830 ± 0.120 <0.05
 Rakic [52] 86/86 0.808 ± 0.153 0.722 ± 0.103 <0.001 108/108 0.851 ± 0.128 0.802 ± 0.129 0.01
 Hadzibegovic [53] 130/166 0.870 ± 0.132 0.832 ± 0.134 <0.05
 Anaforoglu [54] 206/61 0.770 ± 0.110 0.730 ± 0.120 0.280
 Yaturu et al. [5] 735/3,458 0.892 ± 0.244b 0.930 ± 0.176b <0.0001
Skeletal site of BMD measurement: total hip
 Schwartz [51] (white) 97/383 0.790 ± 0.120 0.750 ± 0.120 <0.05 153/395 0.950 ± 0.130 0.930 ± 0.140 <0.05
 Schwartz [51] (black) 125/225 0.910 ± 0.150 0.840 ± 0.150 <0.05 105/169 1.070 ± 0.150 1.000 ± 0.130 <0.05
 Bonds [45] 469/5,916 0.900 ± 0.160 0.840 ± 0.140 <0.01
 Rakic [52] 86/86 0.993 ± 0.173 0.848 ± 0.118 <0.001 108/108 1.060 ± 0.156 1.013 ± 0.158 0.038
Skeletal site of BMD measurement: spine
 Barrett-Connor [11] 37/237 0.962 ± 0.225a 0.859 ± 0.225a <0.01 41/136 1.081 ± NAa 1.069 ± NAa NS
 Sosa [47] 47/252 0.898 ± 0.137 0.892 ± 0.138 NS
 Kao [6] 98/285 1.071 ± 0.188b 1.011 ± 0.236b <0.01 55/162 1.057 ± 0.222b 1.063 ± 0.255b NS
 Dennison [49] 32/278 1.070 ± 0.180 0.940 ± 0.180 0.0001 33/349 1.160 ± 0.120 1.070 ± 0.160 0.005
 Gerdhem [12] 67/961 1.070 ± 0.230 0.990 ± 0.190 0.0001
 de Liefde [14] 327/3,052 1.084 ± 0.188 1.030 ± 0.179 <0.0001 255/2,205 1.196 ± 0.209 1.161 ± 0.196 0.007
 Majima [7] 81/54 0.861 ± 0.193 0.831 ± 0.162 NS 64/41 0.972 ± 0.176 0.975 ± 0.108 NS
 Bonds [45] 472/5,922 1.040 ± 0.190 0.970 ± 0.170 <0.01
 Rakic [52] 86/86 1.031 ± 0.171 0.948 ± 0.152 <0.001 108/108 1.117 ± 0.176 1.102 ± 0.191 0.55
 Hadzibegovic [53] 130/166 0.903 ± 0.165 0.824 ± 0.199 <0.001
 Anaforoglu [54] 206/61 0.900 ± 0.160 0.870 ± 0.150 0.264
 Yaturu et al. [5] 735/3,458 1.223 ± 0.217b 1.149 ± 0.176b <0.0001
Skeletal site of BMD measurement: forearm
 Kao [6] 98/285 0.477 ± 0.079b 0.463 ± 0.101b NS 55/162 0.535 ± 0.096b 0.547 ± 0.102b NS
 Bridges [50] 90/50 0.560 ± 0.097c 0.560 ± 0.090c NS
 Majima [7] 81/54 0.493 ± 0.109 0.547 ± 0.095 <0.01 64/41 0.665 ± 0.092 0.721 ± 0.080 <0.05
 Rakic [52] 86/86 0.540 ± 0.066 0.481 ± 0.068 <0.001 108/108 0.641 ± 0.062 0.627 ± 0.063 0.09
 Hadzibegovic [53] 130/166 0.496 ± 0.065 0.485 ± 0.081 NS
 Anaforoglu [54] 206/61 0.48 ± 0.050 0.49 ± 0.010 0.696

SD written as NA if neither exact P value, SE or CI was available

aUsing the formula from P value to SD

bUsing the formula from SE to SD

cUsing the formula from CI to SD