Table 5.

Pooled mean differences of BMD comparing diabetes with non-diabetes

Site	Groups	Number of studies	Sample size (case/control)	Mean difference of BMD (g/cm2)	P value	Heterogeneity
						I2 (%)	Q test P value
Femoral neck	Total	12	2,720/12,707	0.04 [0.02, 0.05]	<0.00001	83	<0.0001
	Female	10	1,234/5,752	0.04 [0.03, 0.06]	<0.00001	71	0.0002
	Male	7	1,486/6,955	0.03 [0.00, 0.05]	0.09	87	<0.0001
Hip	Total	3	1,143/7,282	0.06 [0.04, 0.08]	<0.00001	78	0.0002
	Female	3	777/6,610	0.07 [0.04, 0.11]	<0.00001	82	0.001
	Male	2	366/672	0.04 [0.01, 0.08]	0.007	63	0.07
Spine	Total	12	2,833/17,677	0.06 [0.04, 0.07]	<0.00001	66	<0.0001
	Female	11	1,583/11,354	0.07 [0.05, 0.09]	<0.00001	62	0.003
	Male	6	1,250/6,323	0.05 [0.01, 0.07]	0.008	74	0.002
Forearm	Total	6	918/1,013	−0.003 [−0.02, 0.02]	0.90	88	<0.0001
	Female	5	601/652	0.01 [−0.02, 0.03]	0.68	93	<0.0001
	Male	4	317/361	−0.01 [−0.04, 0.02]	0.44	79	0.003

The weighted mean difference estimates of BMD were calculated as DerSimonian and Laird estimators using random effects models

Tests for heterogeneity were performed by applying the Cochran Q test