Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2012 Jul;50(7):569–577. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31824e319f

Table 2.

Counts of High Referral Rate Procedures and Population at Risk, by Socio-Demographics

Characteristics Total # Procedures (Pre- and Post-reform periods) Distribution of Procedures
# Population at Risk, person years (Pre- and Post-reform periods) Distribution of Population at Risk
Pre-reform Post-reform Pre-reform Post-reform
All (age 40+ years) 201,907 100% 100% 10,072,992 100% 100%
Sex
 Women 123,560 60% 62% 5,387,207 54% 53%
 Men 78,347 40% 38% 4,685,785 46% 47%
Age (years)
 40 to 64 124,966 60% 64% 7,845,648 78% 78%
 70 or older 76,941 40% 36% 2,227,344 22% 22%
Area Income, Zip Code
Median
 Low 43,880 22% 22% 2,282,028 23% 23%
 Medium 50,454 25% 25% 2,494,057 25% 25%
 High 107,229 53% 53% 5,296,841 53% 53%
Race/ethnicity
 Hispanics 6,688 2.8% 3.8% 484,209 4.5% 5.1%
 Blacks 8,115 3.6% 4.4% 460,728 4.5% 4.7%
 Others 6,324 3.4% 2.8% 419,872 3.9% 4.4%
 Whites 180,780 90.1% 89.0% 8,708,183 87.1% 85.8%

Notes:

  1. Study period comprises pre- and post-reform periods (10/1/2004 – 6/30/2006 and 1/1/2008 – 9/30/2009 respectively).
  2. Total # Procedures indicates the number of high referral rate procedures performed during hospitalizations in the pre- and post-reform periods.
  3. Population at risk indicates the aggregate census population (person-years) during the pre- and post-reform periods.
  4. Area Income cohorts are defined as: low=lowest quartile zip codes, medium=second quartile and high=top two quartile