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. 2012 Jun 13;2:456. doi: 10.1038/srep00456

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(a) Scheme of the two-step assay using an SL designed in “conjugate” fashion for detecting a target with multiple binding sites. (b) Effect of switching SLs off on decreasing the extent of aggregation of NPs, when nLK determines the aggregation. (c) Effect of switching SLs off on increasing the extent of aggregation of NPs, when the number of unoccupied binding sites determines the aggregation. (d) Color of the test system with different amounts of bBSA at 2 h after performing the assay for detecting streptavidin using a known concentration of stAuNPs (absorption: 0.43 @ 531 nm for 1/10 diluted sample) (e) Test system scaled-down (one-half of d) with one-half concentration of stAuNPs (absorption: 0.21 @ 531 nm for 1/10 diluted sample), which enhances the detection sensitivity down to 2×10-14 M.