Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients studied
| Characteristics n (%) | SN-APS (n = 36) | APS (n = 19) | SLE (n = 18) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Other autoimmune disease | 31 (86·1) | 11 (57·8) | 6 (33·3) |
| SLE | 13 (20·6) | 11 (57·8) | – |
| Sjögren syndrome secondary to SLE | 7 (19·4) | 4 (21) | 5 (27·7) |
| Lupus-like disease | 8 (22·2) | 0 | 0 |
| Primary Sjögren syndrome | 2 (5·5) | 0 | 0 |
| Urticarial vasculitis | 2 (5·5) | 0 | 0 |
| Rhupus | 1 (2·7) | 0 | 0 |
| Mixed connective tissue disease | 1 (2·7) | 0 | 0 |
| Undifferentiated connective tissue disease | 1 (2·7) | 0 | 0 |
| Adult onset Still disease | 1 (2·7) | 0 | 0 |
| Vitiligo | 1 (2·7) | 0 | 0 |
| Pernicious anaemia | 1 (2·7) | 0 | 0 |
| Myasthenia gravis | 0 | 1 (5·2) | 1 (5·5) |
| None | 5 (13·9) | 8 (42·1) | – |
| Vascular thrombosis | 21 (58·3) | 19 (100) | 4 (22·2) |
| Venous thrombosis | 14 (38·9) | 16 (84·2) | 1 (5·5) |
| Arterial thrombosis | 8 (22·2) | 7 (36·8) | 3 (16·6) |
| Recurrent thrombosis | 6 (20·7) | 9 (47·3) | 0 |
| Pregnancy morbidity | 21 (58·3) | 8 (42·1) | 1 (5·5) |
| Normal fetus deaths | 9 (25·0) | 1 (5·2) | 0 |
| Premature births | 5 (13·9) | 0 | 0 |
| Spontaneous abortions | 12 (33·3) | 8 (42·1) | 1 (5·5) |
| Vascular thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity | 6 (20·7) | 8 (42·1) | 1 (5·5) |
| Non-criteria APS features | |||
| Livedo reticularis | 22 (61.l) | 4 (21) | 1 (5·5) |
| Thrombocytopenia | 1 (2·8) | 3 (15·7) | 2 (11·1) |
| Cognitive dysfunctions | 15 (41·7) | 6 (31·5) | 7 (38·8) |
| Migraine | 11 (30·6) | 5 (26·3) | 5 (27·7) |
| Seizures | 2 (5·5) | 4 (21) | 2 (11·1) |
| Brain MRI scan abnormalities | 10/23 (43·5) | 5/9 (55·5) | 3/13 (23) |
| Thrombotic risk factors | |||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 12 (33·3) | 9 (47·3) | 2 (11·1) |
| Smoking | 9 (25·0) | 4 (21) | 1 (5·5) |
| Hypertension | 7 (19·4) | 6 (31·5) | 2 (11·1) |
| OC/HRT | 3 (8·3) | 1 (5·2) | 1 (5·5) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 (2·8) | 0 | 1 (5·5) |
MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; OC/HRT, oral contraceptive or hormone replacement therapy use; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SN-APS, seronegative anti-phospholipid syndrome.