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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mem Lang. 2012 Jan 13;66(3):438–457. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2011.12.006
Consonantal contrasts:
Consonantal Contrasts Cantonese Speakers Mandarin Speakers
FA 0.17 0.08
/ts/-/tʂ/ 0.76 0.94
/ts′/-/t ʂ′/ 0.9 0.99
/s/-/ʂ/ 0.97 0.96
/ts/-/tɕ/ 0.88 0.95
/ts/-/tɕ′/ 0.76 0.95
/ts/-/ɕ/ 0.87 0.97
HIT
/ts′/-/tɕ/ 0.88 0.95
/ts′/-/tɕ′/ 0.9 0.96
/ts′/-/ɕ/ 0.81 0.79
/s/-/tɕ/ 0.92 0.98
/s/-/tɕ′/ 0.87 0.92
/s/-/ɕ/ 0.9 0.99
Tonal contrasts:
Tonal Contrasts Cantonese Speakers Mandarin Speakers
FA 0.08 0.05
T1–T2 0.87 0.89
T1–T3 0.94 0.94
T1–T4 0.90 0.93
HIT
T2–T3 0.82 0.92
T2–T4 0.93 0.95
T3–T4 0.91 0.94