Table 2.
Prognostic Factors for Survival, According to Hazard Ratio for Death.*
| Prognostic Factor† | No. of Patients | Hazard Ratio for Death (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| B-cell lineage, t(9;22)(BCR-ABL1)–negative patients‡ | |||
| M3 bone marrow at the end of induction | 97 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.62 |
| Leukocyte count ≥100×109 per liter | 49 | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | 0.01 |
| Age 6–9 yr | 56 | 2.4 (1.5–3.8) | 0.001 |
| Age ≥10 yr | 103 | 2.6 (1.8–4.0) | <0.001 |
| SCT with matched, related donor | 35 | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 0.97 |
| Other allogeneic SCT | 38 | 2.1 (1.3–3.5) | 0.003 |
| T-cell lineage, t(9;22)(BCR-ABL1)–negative patients§ | |||
| M3 bone marrow at the end of induction | 99 | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 0.01 |
| Male sex | 143 | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 0.05 |
| Any allogeneic SCT | 86 | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.07 |
| All patients with cytogenetic data¶ | |||
| M3 bone marrow at the end of induction | 163 | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 0.002 |
| MLL | 43 | 1.9 (1.2–2.8) | 0.004 |
| T-ALL | 165 | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 0.001 |
| Age ≥10 yr | 150 | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | 0.03 |
| High hyperdiploidy | 51 | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.23 |
| SCT with matched, related donor | 61 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.28 |
| Other allogeneic SCT | 43 | 1.3 (0.8–1.9) | 0.27 |
Only patients with information on whether they had undergone stem-cell transplantation (SCT) are included. MLL-positive patients are excluded because the MLL status was available for less than 46% of the patients. In the Cox regression, the following features were explored as possible prognostic factors in the model: age (<1 year, 6 to 9 years, and ≥10 years), leukocyte count (<20×109 per liter, >50×109 per liter, and ≥100×109 per liter), sex, involvement of the central nervous system or lymph nodes, enlargement of liver and spleen, presence of mediastinal mass, presence of cytogenetic aberrations (MLL rearrangement, high hyperdiploidy with modal chromosomal number of 50 or more), treatment period (years during which patients were treated), study groups (in three strata according to treatment results), and time to transplantation as a time-dependent variable. CI denotes confidence interval.
In each case, the comparator group is the obverse of the noted criterion. For age 6 to 9 years and age 10 years or older, the comparison is with age 1 to 5 years. For SCT with matched, related donor, other allogeneic SCT, and any allogeneic SCT, the comparison is with chemotherapy.
A total of 297 patients had B-cell lineage, t(9;22)(BCR-ABL1)–negative status and known SCT status, with a 10-year-survival rate of 47±3%.
A total of 225 patients had T-cell lineage, t(9;22)(BCR-ABL1)–negative status and known SCT status, with a 10-year-survival rate of 28±3%.
A total of 448 patients had cytogenetic data and known SCT status, with a 10-year survival estimate (±SE) of 36±2%.