Wound infection

Wound or anastomosis dehiscence

Peritoneal abscess

Sepsis

Enterocutaneous fistula

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Ileus

Reobstruction

Atrial fibrillation or myocardial infarction

Pneumonia

Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolus

^*Mortality frequency was reported to be from 12% to 40%.⁴ Frequency of complications was reported to be from 45% to 50%¹⁰ and from 9% to 90%.³

Data from Hanks et al,³ Downing and Wainwright,⁴ and Foo et al.¹⁰