Table 1.

Stent complications

COMPLICATION	FREQUENCY, %
Tumour ingrowth	2
Fistula (rectovesical)	0.8
Bowel perforation (from guide wire, pressure necrosis, balloon dilation, chemotaxis assay)	3.76–5.6
Biliary obstruction	50
Stent migration (post–chemotaxis assay)	3–14
Stent dysfunction (failure to cross stricture, failure to open)	3.8
Bleeding	< 5
Recurrent obstruction	10
Mortality	0–49,13

Data from Mosler et al¹¹ and Ronnekleiv-Kelly and Kennedy.¹²