TABLE 1.
General characteristic of adults (n = 1744) with and without diabetes from the Central Valley of Costa Rica1
| Variables | Without diabetes (n = 1512) | With diabetes (n = 232) |
| Age (y) | 57 ± 112 | 63 ± 9 |
| Women (%) | 24 | 33 |
| Area of residence (percentage rural) | 24 | 27 |
| Monthly household income ($) | 587 ± 432 | 549 ± 397 |
| Current smokers (%) | 22 | 15 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 ± 4.1 | 280.1 ± 4.5 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 90.4 ± 9.9 | 95.2 ± 9.4 |
| Physical activity (METs) | 36 ± 15 | 33 ± 12 |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 7.9 ± 2.9 |
| Total plasma triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 1.9 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 1.2 |
| Adipose tissue CLA (percentage of total fatty acids) | 0.57 ± 0.18 | 0.53 ± 0.17 |
1
t Test and Wilcoxon's signed rank test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables were used to determine the significance of differences. All variables, except area of residence, income, and HDL cholesterol, were significantly different between adults with and without diabetes (P < 0.05). CLA, conjugated linoleic acid; METs, metabolic equivalent tasks.
2
Mean ± SD (all such values).