Table 3. Hazard Ratios (95% CI) of Associations between HbA_1c, Diabetes Medication use, Disease Duration and Total Mortality in Individuals with Diabetes.

	Cases	PY	HR a	95% CI	HR b	95% CI
HbA1c ( n =4,345)
Q1	96	11,075	1	Referent	1	Referent
Q2	100	9,761	1.26	0.93, 1.70	1.16	0.85, 1.58
Q3	114	9,802	1.15	0.86, 1.54	1.03	0.77, 1.39
Q4	150	9,495	2.02	1.53, 2.65	1.77	1.32, 2.36
P-Trend			<0001		<0001
per 1% increase	460	40,133	1.13	1.08, 1.19	1.11	1.06, 1.17
Diabetes medication ( n =4,516)
No medication use	101	12,569	0.53	0.34, 0.81	0.58	0.37, 0.90
Metformin (monotherapy)	30	2,043	1	Referent	1	Referent
Metformin (combined)	68	4,653	0.72	0.46, 1.14	0.65	0.41, 1.04
Sulfonamides	153	7,545	0.82	0.54, 1.24	0.78	0.51, 1.18
Combinations or other OHA	30	2,573	0.76	0.44, 1.30	0.74	0.43, 1.27
Insulin and OHA combined	32	2,692	0.91	0.54, 1.56	0.79	0.46, 1.36
Insulin therapy	130	7,971	0.92	0.60, 1.41	0.76	0.49, 1.04
Disease duration ( n =5,837)
<2.0 y	157	13,695	1	Referent	1	Referent
2.0 – 4.6 y	170	13,567	1.01	0.81, 1.27	0.96	0.76, 1.21
4.6 – 9.9 y	191	13,212	1.27	1.02, 1.69	1.06	0.84, 1.34
>9.9 y	190	12,936	1.41	1.10, 1.82	1.08	0.83, 1.41
P-Trend			0.003		0.44

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, Hazard Ratio; OHA, Oral Hypoglycemic Agents; PY, person-years.

^aModel 1: Age- and center-stratified and adjusted for sex, co-morbidities, physical activity, smoking status, educational attainment, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure;

^bModel 2: Model 1 additionally adjusted for disease duration, diabetes medication use, or HbA_1c and storage time when adequate.