Table 3.
Endometriosis and dietary nutrients among 284 cases and 660 controls
(Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals)
| Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | P-trend | |
| Protein | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 37·78 | 55·68 | 72·86 | 102·89 | ||||
| Case/control | 76/161 | 73/168 | 61/161 | 74/170 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 1·0 | 0·6, 1·7 | 0·9 | 0·5, 1·7 | 1·2 | 0·6, 2·6 | 0·54 |
| Protein (animal) | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 22·3 | 37·93 | 52·28 | 75·58 | ||||
| Case/control | 76/164 | 65/165 | 76/172 | 67/159 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·3 | 1·1 | 0·7, 1·8 | 1·1 | 0·6, 2·0 | 0·61 |
| Protein (vegetable) | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 10·81 | 16·56 | 21·46 | 33·21 | ||||
| Case/control | 84/173 | 76/159 | 63/164 | 61/164 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 1·0 | 0·7, 1·6 | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·3 | 0·8 | 0·4, 1·5 | 0·40 |
| Carbohydrate | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 104·70 | 160·42 | 209·44 | 296·90 | ||||
| Case/control | 72/165 | 82/165 | 62/165 | 68/165 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 1·3 | 0·8, 2·2 | 1·1 | 0·6, 2·0 | 1·3 | 0·6, 2·9 | 0·70 |
| Fat | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 31·78 | 49·44 | 67·74 | 100·17 | ||||
| Case/control | 90/166 | 66/159 | 63/167 | 65/168 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·6† | 0·4, 1·0 | 0·6† | 0·3, 1·0 | 0·5 | 0·2, 1·0 | 0·12 |
| Saturated fat | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 7·85 | 15·40 | 24·53 | 37·39 | ||||
| Case/control | 34/64 | 123/265 | 66/168 | 61/163 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·1 | 0·5 | 0·3, 1·1 | 0·5 | 0·2, 1·1 | 0·13 |
| Monounsaturated fat | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 11·32 | 18·38 | 25·75 | 38·39 | ||||
| Case/control | 82/149 | 76/184 | 56/154 | 70/173 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·0 | 0·5† | 0·3, 0·9 | 0·6 | 0·3, 1·2 | 0·25 |
| Polyunsaturated fat | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 6·05 | 9·40 | 13·25 | 20·48 | ||||
| Case/control | 81/176 | 59/145 | 84/180 | 60/159 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·4 | 1·0 | 0·6, 1·6 | 0·8 | 0·4, 1·6 | 0·65 |
| Trans-fat | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 1·60 | 2·70 | 4·16 | 7·39 | ||||
| Case/control | 95/171 | 55/155 | 73/169 | 61/165 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·6† | 0·4, 1·0 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·1 | 0·6 | 0·3, 1·1 | 0·22 |
| Cholesterol | ||||||||
| Median (mg) | 103·16 | 171·55 | 237·53 | 383·71 | ||||
| Case/control | 81/163 | 67/168 | 73/164 | 63/165 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·2 | 0·9 | 0·5, 1·4 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·2 | 0·33 |
| n-3 Fatty acids | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 0·68 | 1·05 | 1·42 | 2·11 | ||||
| Case/control | 81/187 | 62/124 | 80/183 | 61/166 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 1·1 | 0·7, 1·7 | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·5 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·4 | 0·24 |
| n-6 Fatty acids | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 5·27 | 8·29 | 11·77 | 17·94 | ||||
| Case/control | 76/177 | 69/155 | 73/161 | 66/167 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 1·1 | 0·7, 1·7 | 1·1 | 0·6, 1·8 | 1·0 | 0·5, 2·0 | 0·99 |
| Fibre | ||||||||
| Median (g) | 8·03 | 12·48 | 16·82 | 24·26 | ||||
| Case/control | 82/161 | 74/169 | 55/167 | 73/163 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·4 | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·2 | 1·0 | 0·6, 1·8 | 0·86 |
| Folate | ||||||||
| Median (µg) | 184·04 | 278·74 | 356·82 | 522·30 | ||||
| Case/control | 85/165 | 61/165 | 68/164 | 70/166 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·7 | 0·5, 1·2 | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·4 | 0·9 | 0·5, 1·5 | 0·87 |
| β-Carotene | ||||||||
| Median (µg) | 767·57 | 1473·65 | 2458·47 | 4804·61 | ||||
| Case/control | 60/163 | 75/166 | 79/166 | 70/165 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 1·4 | 0·9, 2·2 | 1·7† | 1·1, 2·6 | 1·6 | 1·0, 2·5 | 0·16 |
| Vitamin A | ||||||||
| Median (µg) | 160·20 | 291·31 | 435·24 | 710·76 | ||||
| Case/control | 77/165 | 61/165 | 77/165 | 69/165 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·7 | 0·5, 1·2 | 1·1 | 0·7, 1·7 | 1·0 | 0·6, 1·7 | 0·67 |
| Vitamin C | ||||||||
| Median (mg) | 25·83 | 51·22 | 86·45 | 138·66 | ||||
| Case/control | 72/168 | 68/164 | 73/162 | 71/166 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 1·1 | 0·7, 1·7 | 1·3 | 0·8, 1·9 | 1·2 | 0·7, 1·8 | 0·53 |
| Vitamin D | ||||||||
| Median (µg) | 1·52 | 2·98 | 4·61 | 8·49 | ||||
| Case/control | 81/163 | 64/164 | 67/168 | 72/165 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·2 | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·3 | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·5 | 0·99 |
| Vitamin E | ||||||||
| Median (mg) | 3·96 | 6·00 | 8·28 | 12·13 | ||||
| Case/control | 79/163 | 69/168 | 62/163 | 74/166 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·5 | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·3 | 1·1 | 0·6, 2·0 | 0·64 |
| Vitamin B6 | ||||||||
| Median (mg) | 0·83 | 1·23 | 1·61 | 2·27 | ||||
| Case/control | 73/162 | 68/168 | 77/162 | 66/168 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 1·0 | 0·6, 1·5 | 1·2 | 0·7, 2·0 | 1·1 | 0·6, 2·1 | 0·66 |
| Vitamin B12 | ||||||||
| Median (µg) | 2·66 | 4·26 | 5·85 | 9·10 | ||||
| Case/control | 77/171 | 51/160 | 89/164 | 67/165 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·2 | 1·4 | 0·9, 2·2 | 1·0 | 0·6, 1·8 | 0·53 | |
| Thiamin (vitamin B1) | ||||||||
| Median (mg) | 0·69 | 1·05 | 1·36 | 1·97 | ||||
| Case/control | 70/145 | 78/175 | 65/168 | 71/172 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 1·0 | 0·6, 1·7 | 0·9 | 0·5, 1·5 | 1·0 | 0·5, 2·0 | 0·88 |
| Riboflavin (vitamin B2) | ||||||||
| Median (mg) | 1·03 | 1·52 | 2·05 | 2·90 | ||||
| Case/control | 87/162 | 59/171 | 64/146 | 74/181 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·6† | 0·4, 0·9 | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·3 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·3 | 0·68 |
| Niacin | ||||||||
| Median (mg) | 9·56 | 13·86 | 17·92 | 25·72 | ||||
| Case/control | 85/167 | 55/162 | 75/165 | 69/166 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·1 | 1·0 | 0·6, 1·6 | 1·0 | 0·5, 1·9 | 0·72 |
| Ca | ||||||||
| Median (mg) | 379·97 | 647·65 | 927·15 | 1451·60 | ||||
| Case/control | 87/165 | 60/165 | 75/165 | 62/165 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·0 | 0·8 | 0·5, 1·3 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·2 | 0·41 |
| Fe | ||||||||
| Median (mg) | 6·26 | 9·56 | 12·31 | 18·08 | ||||
| Case/control | 83/165 | 64/169 | 74/160 | 63/166 | ||||
| Multivariable adjusted* | 1·0 | 0·7 | 0·5, 1·2 | 0·9 | 0·5, 1·5 | 0·8 | 0·4, 1·5 | 0·64 |
*
Models adjusted for matching factors (age and year of enrolment), total energy, income, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption.
†
P-value for individual quartile <0·05.