Table 2.
Summaries of performance on all tasks for the two groups of participants. For each experimental measure, the number of participants (n), mean scores, and standard deviation (in brackets) is given for the two groups separately. ‘Sig’ indicates the extent to which the mean scores statistically differ between the average readers and the participants with dyslexia
| MEASURE | Average Reader |
Dyslexic | Siga | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | score | n | score | |||
| Reading (standard scores) | Words | 51 | 108.78 (11.68) |
62 | 84.81 (9.40) |
*** |
| Pseudo-Words | 51 | 119.31 (10.81) |
62 | 82.95 (10.68) |
*** | |
| Sum | 51 | 116.73 (11.86) |
62 | 81.15 (11.58) |
*** | |
|
| ||||||
| Phonological processing |
Phonological Awareness Rhyme |
51 | 18.88 (1.61) |
62 | 16.15 (2.96) |
*** |
|
Phonological Awareness Spoonerism |
51 | 15.51 (3.09) |
62 | 10.82 (3.37) |
*** | |
|
Short Term Memory (Non- Word repetition) |
51 | 36.39 (2.64) |
62 | 31.92 (4.74) |
*** | |
|
| ||||||
| ID-Q slope | all items | 51 | 0.43 (0.25) |
62 | 0.24 (0.18) |
*** |
| test items only | 51 | 0.44 (0.24) |
62 | 0.33 (0.22) |
* | |
| Items 11-49 ms VOT only | 51 | 0.44 (0.24) |
62 | 0.33 (0.22) |
* | |
|
| ||||||
|
Proportion correct catch trials for ID-Q |
Total | 51 | 0.98 (0.08) |
62 | 0.93 (0.09) |
*** |
|
| ||||||
| ID-N slope | all items | 51 | 0.21 (0.22) |
62 | 0.23 (0.25) |
NS |
| test items only | 51 | 0.23 (0.23) |
62 | 0.26 (0.25) |
NS | |
| Items 11-49 ms VOT only | 51 | 0.26 (0.24) |
61b | 0.26 (0.25) |
NS | |
|
| ||||||
|
Proportion correct catch trials for ID-N |
Total | 51 | 0.95 (0.10) |
62 | 0.91 (0.11) |
- |
|
| ||||||
| AdaptAC-Q | jndVOT | 43 | 19.03 (11.51) |
58 | 16.92 (9.59) |
NS |
|
| ||||||
| AdaptWC-Q | jndVOT | 50 | 28.83 (7.49) |
62 | 34.58 (7.77) |
* |
|
| ||||||
| AdaptWC-N | jndVOT | 50 | 33.65 (14.19) |
62 | 40.62 (12.71) |
* |
|
Fixed across and within discrimination in Quiet |
Pair 65-50 ms VOT | 44 | 36% (11) | 58 | 33% (11) | NS |
| Pair 60-40 ms VOT | 44 | 39% (11) | 58 | 37% (10) | NS | |
| Pair 50-35 ms VOT | 44 | 40% (10) | 58 | 34% (10) | *** | |
| Pair 35-20 ms VOT | 44 | 64% (15) | 58 | 51% (17) | *** | |
| Pair 35-15 ms VOT | 44 | 73% (14) | 58 | 61% (16) | *** | |
| Pair 20-5 ms VOT | 44 | 48% (16) | 58 | 43% (14) | NS | |
|
| ||||||
|
FixedWC-Q (average 65- 50, 60-40, 50-35, 20-5) |
44 | 41% (6) | 58 | 36% (6) | *** | |
|
FixedAC-Q (average 35-20, 35-15) |
44 | 68% (13) | 58 | 56% (15) | *** | |
|
| ||||||
| WiN | Threshold SNR | 49 | −4.11 (1.43) |
62 | −4.30 (1.68) |
NS |
|
| ||||||
| WiNiCS | Threshold SNR | 51 | −5.96 (2.04) |
62 | −6.31 (1.76) |
NS |
Significance levels provided are for the effect of group (with AR group > DYS group), except for pseudo-words reading, catch trial ID-N and AdaptWC-Q where significance levels are for the age X group interaction (with scores significantly improving with age for the AR group, not for the DYS group). NS = non-significant; * = p<0.05; ** = p<0.01; *** = p<0.001.
One participant was not presented with intermediary items 11 to 49 ms by the adaptive procedure because his/her performance was so poor.