Table 2.
Pharmacological approaches on CXCR2 in animals.
| Intervention | Model | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blocking CXCR2 by a self-made antagonist* | Lung transplant ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats | (i) Marked reduction of neutrophils into the lung (ii) Attenuated graft injury |
[18] |
| Blocking CXCR2 by a self-made antagonist* | Ventilator-induced ALI in mice | (i) Reduced PMN sequestration and ALI | [17] |
| Reparixin | LPS-/acid-induced ALI in mice | (i) Modulation of PMN trafficking (ii) Reduced vascular permeability (iii) Improved gas exchange |
[34] |
| Reparixin | Reperfusion injury in rats and human/rodent PMNs | (i) Effective inhibitor of PMN recruitment (ii) Attenuated reperfusion injury |
[35] |
| Reparixin | Cerebral ischemia in rats | (i) Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects (ii) Inhibition of PMN infiltration (iii) Reduced tissue damage |
[36] |
| Reparixin | Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats | (i) Reduced neutrophil influx (ii) Reduced microvascular permeability in lungs and intestines (iii) Reduced TNFα (iv) Reduced lethality |
[37] |
| DF2162 | Bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice | (i) Improvement of lung pathology (ii) Reduced collagen deposition (iii) Reduced airway PMN migration (iv) Increased PMN in lung parenchyma |
[26] |
| SCH-N | Cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in mice | (i) Reduced PMNs in BAL (ii) Reduced perivascular inflammation (iii) Reduced tissue PMNs |
[38] |
| DF 2156A | Human leukocytes, human umbilical vein cells, ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats | (i) Decreased monocyte and PMN infiltration (ii) Reduced TNFα (iii) Attenuated proliferation, migration and capillary-like organization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells |
[39] |
| DF2156A | Ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats | (i) Decrease of PMN infiltration (ii) Reduced infarct size (iii) Improved neurological function |
[40] |
| K11R/G31P | Aspiration pneumonia in pigs | (i) Attenuated neutrophil response (ii) Reduced pathology (iii) Still efficient pulmonary bacterial clearance |
[41] |
| K11R/G31P | LPS-induced lung inflammation in pigs | (i) Decreased PMN migration into the lung (ii) Reduced TNFα andl IL-1 levels in the BAL |
[42] |
| K11R/G31P | Radiation-induced lung injury in mice | (i) Reduced alveolitis but not fibrosis | [28] |
| Sch527123* | Intranasal/intratracheal LPS-administration in mice, and rats, repeated bronchoscopy and lavage in cynomolgus monkey | (i) Suppressed pulmonary neutrophilia (ii) Reduced goblet cell hyperplasia |
[43] |
| Simvastatin | Streptococcal-induced ALI in mice | (i) Reduced infiltration of neutrophils and edema in the lung | [44] |
*Selective for CXCR2; the other pharmacologic agents also inhibit CXCR1.