RHAMM-specific CTLs are present, but not functional. PBMCs were obtained from an AML patient who received chemotherapy. (a), (b). RHAMM-specific CTLs detected by flow cytometry at the stage of smoldering leukemia (c)–(f) and at the stage of progressive disease (g)–(j) did not release neither IFN-γ (a), nor granzyme B (b) at a level higher than background (no peptide control) as assessed by ELISPOT assays. (c)–(j) Reported frequencies correspond to all cells in the CD3+CD8+ T-cell gate (upper numbers), and to all cells in the lymphocyte gate (lower numbers). (c), (g) Isotype negative control, (d), (h) Non-peptide negative control, stained with an irrelevant tetramer, (e), (i) Non-peptide negative control, stained with RHAMM tetramer, (f), (j) CD8+ T cells were stimulated with RHAMM peptide and stained with RHAMM tetramer.