Increasing the pH of a cariogenic acid solution. (A) Nanocomposite containing 10% and 20% NACP, (B) nanocomposite with 30% NACP, and hybrid composite, (C) nanocomposite with 40% NACP, and RMGI. The data for the microfill composite were similar to those of the hybrid composite and RMGI and were not included in the plot for clarity. Each datum is mean ± sd; n = 4. NACP nanocomposite increased the pH and neutralized the acid that otherwise could dissolve the tooth structure. In comparison, the commercial hybrid composite and RMGI did not raise the pH of the acid solution. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]