Figure 3.

Schematic representation of important regulatory molecules and events during inflammation in COPD. a. Adhesion molecules, including PECAM, regulate neutrophil attachment to EC, encouraging neutrophil entry into the ECM. b. Neutrophils are recruited by matrix proteins, including collagen and mindin, to infiltrate the extravascular space. c. Attachment to matrix protein Laminin induces neutrophil elastase release. d. Activated neutrophils and EC continue to release both pro- (ROS) and anti-inflammatory (NO) factors. These contribute to the remodeling of the ECM and recruitment of additional leukocytes, all leading to emphysema symptomatic of COPD. (Lung image adaped with permission from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/restrictive-lung-disease.html.)