Table 2. Characteristics of participants.
| Characteristic | No. | % |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Men | 108 | 32 |
| Women | 231 | 68 |
| Agea | ||
| 90–91 | 93 | 27 |
| 92–94 | 133 | 39 |
| ≥95 | 113 | 33 |
| Residence | ||
| Alone | 177 | 52 |
| With spouse | 62 | 18 |
| With relatives or friends | 28 | 8 |
| In household with paid care-giver | 15 | 4 |
| Institution or group home | 57 | 17 |
| Education | ||
| High-school graduate or less | 98 | 29 |
| Some college to college graduate | 157 | 46 |
| Some graduate school or higher | 84 | 25 |
| GDS Scoreb | ||
| <4 depressive symptoms | 197 | 75 |
| ≥4 depressive symptoms | 66 | 25 |
| Medical historyc | ||
| Heart diseased | 148 | 46 |
| Cancer (other than skin) | 96 | 30 |
| Stroke | 35 | 10 |
| Diabetes | 15 | 4 |
| Depression | 46 | 14 |
a
In years.
b
GDS score missing for 76 participants.
c
Missing data for heart disease (16), cancer (22), stroke (3), diabetes (3), depression (7).
d
Includes: coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation or other arrhythmias, heart valve disease, and congestive heart failure.