Table 3. Distribution of scores by age categories.

Test	Age categorya	No.b	Mean	SD	5%	10%	25%	50%	75%	90%	95% 30	p-valuec
Global cognitiond
MMSE	90–91	83	26.8	2.9	22	23	25	27	29	30	30	<.001
	92–94	116	26.3	2.5	21	23	25	27	28	29	30
	95+	95	25.2	2.8	19	22	24	26	27	28	29
	Overall	294	26.1	2.8	21	23	25	27	28	29	30
3MS	90–91	82	89.9	8.0	76	81	86	91.5	96	98	99	<.001
	92–94	116	89.4	7.5	75	79	87	90	95	97	98
	95+	94	84.7	9.6	64	72	80	86.5	91	96	96
	Overall	292	88.0	8.6	70	78	83.5	89	95	97	98
Language
BNT	90–91	71	12.1	2.8	6	8	11	13	14	15	15	.05
	92–94	96	11.9	2.4	8	9	11	12	14	15	15
	95+	54	11.3	2.4	7	8	9	11	13	14	15
	Overall	221	11.8	2.6	7	8	11	12	14	15	15
Animal Fluency	90–91	93	13.3	4.9	5	7	10	13	16	20	22	<.001
	92–94	131	13.3	4.1	7	8	10	13	16	18	20
	95+	111	11.3	3.5	6	7	9	11	14	16	17
	Overall	335	12.6	4.2	6	8	10	12	15	18	20
Letter F Fluency	90–91	79	11.6	4.2	4	7	9	12	14	17	20	.18
	92–94	102	11.3	4.2	5	6	8	11	15	17	18
	95+	77	10.8	4.0	4	6	8	11	13	16	18
	Overall	258	11.3	4.1	4	6	8	11	14	17	18
Recent memory
CVLT Trial 1	90–91	74	4.3	1.6	2	2	3	4.5	5	6	7	<.01
	92–94	113	4.1	1.6	1	2	3	4	5	6	6
	95+	64	3.6	1.6	1	2	2	4	5	5	6
	Overall	251	4.0	1.6	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
CVLT Trial 4	90–91	74	6.7	1.8	4	4	6	7	8	9	9	<.001
	92–94	113	6.6	2.0	3	4	5	7	8	9	9
	95+	64	5.8	2.0	0	4	5	6	7	8	8
	Overall	251	6.4	2.0	3	4	5	7	8	9	9
CVLT Sum 1–4	90–91	74	23.6	5.2	13	16	20	25	27	29	30	<.001
	92–94	113	22.5	6.2	12	16	19	23	27	30	32
	95+	64	20.5	6.3	8	13	18	21	24	28	30
	Overall	251	22.3	6.1	12	15	19	23	27	29	31
CVLT Long Delay	90–91	74	5.2	2.6	0	1	4	5.5	7	8	9	<.001
	92–94	111	4.5	2.7	0	1	2	5	6	8	9
	95+	64	4.0	2.5	0	0	2	4	6	7	8
	Overall	249	4.6	2.6	0	0	3	5	7	8	8
CVLT Cued Long Delay	90–91	73	5.6	2.3	1	2	4	6	7	8	9	<.01
	92–94	111	5.1	2.4	0	2	3	5	7	8	9
	95+	64	4.7	2.3	0	1	3.5	5	6	8	8
	Overall	248	5.2	2.4	0	2	4	5	7	8	9
Executive function
Trails A	90–91	65	60.7	28.9	120	97	76	51	44	36	31	<.001
	92–94	84	64.9	29.3	128	90	78	58	47.5	33	30
	95+	56	84.8	43.2	180	171	104	71.5	53	42	37
	Overall	205	69.0	34.8	152	115	81	58	46	36	31
Trails B	90–91	65	185.0	82.4	300	300	300	179	112	90	87	<.001
	92–94	78	201.4	77.7	300	300	300	191.5	130	114	103
	95+	51	241.1	77.5	300	300	300	300	168	124	97
	Overall	194	206.4	81.8	300	300	300	198	127	106	89
Psychomotor speed
Trails C	90–91	60	30.1	18.7	67.5	47.5	35.5	24	19.5	16.5	14.5	.35
	92–94	77	31.7	22.2	65	50	33	27	21	17	15
	95+	39	32.3	16.4	78	50	40	27	22	16	14
	Overall	176	31.3	19.7	66	49	37	25	20	17	15
Visual-spatial
Clock Drawing	90–91	78	5.7	2.1	1	3	4	6	7	8	8	<.01
	92–94	106	5.5	1.9	2	3	4	6	7	8	8
	95+	79	5.1	2.1	1	2	4	6	7	8	8
	Overall	263	5.4	2.0	2	3	4	6	7	8	8
Constructions	90–91	65	9.1	1.5	7	8	8	9	10	11	11	.12
	92–94	87	8.8	1.6	6	7	8	9	10	10	11
	95+	67	8.6	1.6	5	7	8	9	10	10	10
	Overall	219	8.8	1.6	6	7	8	9	10	10	11
Attention/working memory
Digit Span Forward	90–91	35	9.2	2.6	5	7	8	8	10	14	15	.99
	92–94	38	9.1	2.1	6	6	8	9	10	12	13
	95+	20	9.3	2.0	6.5	7	8	9.5	10	12	13
	Overall	93	9.2	2.2	6	7	8	9	10	12	14
Digit Span Backward	90–91	34	6.0	1.7	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	.02
	92–94	38	5.6	1.9	3	3	4	6	7	8	9
	95+	20	5.0	1.4	2.5	3.5	4	5	6	6.5	7
	Overall	92	5.6	1.8	3	4	4	6	7	8	8
Digit Span Total	9–91	34	15.3	3.7	10	12	13	14	17	22	22	.20
	92–94	38	14.7	3.1	9	10	13	14.5	16	19	20
	95+	20	14.3	2.9	9.5	10.5	12	14	16	17.5	19.5
	Overall	92	14.8	3.3	10	11	12.5	14	16	19	21

Note. MMSE=Mini-Mental State Examination. 3MS=Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. BNT=Boston Naming Test. CVLT=California Verbal Learning Test.

^aIn years.

^bNumber of participants does not always total 339 due to persons who were not administered a specific test.

^cp-value from F-test of linear regression analysis with age as a continuous variable.

^dMMSE and 3MS were used in the determination of cognitive status.