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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Individ Psychol (1998). 2012 Spring;68(1):19–37.

Figure 2. Adler’s birth order position model: Birth order effect on substance use and academic standing (481 males and 465 females).

Figure 2

Notes. Solid lines indicate significant path or correlations at p<0.05 otherwise indicated (p<0.01). Dotted lines indicate non significant paths. The coefficients for second small, second med/large, third and young on substance use were constrained to be equal among male and female adolescents. All coefficients are standardized and numbers in parenthesis report non-standardized coefficients.