Table 3.
Mean volume (in mm3 and standard error) and regression results (β-coefficient and s.e.) for series of models examining association of hardship and childhood poverty with volume of medial-temporal lobe structures, including covariatesa
| Financial hardship |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | Coefficient | P-value | |
| Full sample | ||||
| (n = 384) | (n = 19) | |||
| Left hippocampusa | 3691 (18.9) | 3619 (92.2) | −9.9 (5.00) | 0.049 |
| Right hippocampusb | 3981 (19.4) | 3850 (85.2) | −12.7 (5.04) | 0.012 |
| Left amygdalac | 1462 (11.1) | 1341 (47.3) | −7.6 (2.76) | 0.007 |
| Right amygdalad | 1628 (11.2) | 1527 (43.2) | −7.9 (2.59) | 0.003 |
| Matched control group | ||||
| (n = 42) | (n = 19) | |||
| Left hippocampusa | 3756 (50.1) | 3619 (92.2) | −11.4 (6.55) | 0.087 |
| Right hippocampusb | 4057 (58.1) | 3850 (85.2) | −14.4 (6.22) | 0.025 |
| Left amygdalac | 1492 (37.7) | 1341 (47.3) | −6.19 (3.08) | 0.050 |
| Right amygdalad | 1664 (35.7) | 1527 (43.2) | −6.39 (2.81) | 0.027 |
| Childhood poverty |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | Coefficient | P-value | |
| (n = 353) | (n = 50) | |||
| Left Hippocampus a | 3690 (20.1) | 3674 (48.4) | −2.9 (3.18) | 0.362 |
| Right Hippocampus b | 3968 (20.3) | 4017 (52.4) | 2.7 (3.23) | 0.401 |
| Left Amygdala c | 1453 (11.6) | 1476 (30.4) | 1.4 (1.78) | 0.429 |
| Right Amygdala d | 1620 (11.8) | 1650 (26.7) | 1.8 (1.72) | 0.289 |
Covariates in final models are:
asex, years of education, labour-force status, diabetes, experience of physical assault, experienced physical abuse as child, depression and cognition.
bSex, years of education, diabetes, depression and cognition.
cSex, labour-force status, reported heart disease, neglect during childhood, experienced physical abuse as child, depression and cognition.
dSex, diabetes, stroke, experience of sexual molestation, experience of physical assault, depression and cognition.