Figure 7.

Localization and translocation analysis of ZmRIP1 in maize protoplasts. Constructs containing ZmRIP1 fused to GFP were transformed into maize protoplasts and GFP fluorescence was then examined by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. A, Images showing distinct localization patterns of ZmRIP1 in maize protoplasts (scale bars = 5 μm). Pattern I, strong fluorescence is present only in chloroplasts; pattern II, strong fluorescence is present in chloroplasts and faint fluorescence appears in nuclei; pattern III, strong fluorescence is present in nuclei, whereas faint fluorescence appears in chloroplasts; pattern IV, strong fluorescence is present only in nuclei. B, Images showing the effect of H₂O₂ and DTT treatment on the localization patterns of ZmRIP1 (scale bars = 20 μm). C, Quantitative assessment of ZmRIP1 localization. The number of cells belonging to each of the four different categories described above was determined, and the ZmRIP1 localization was expressed as a percentage of the number of cells of each pattern relative to the total number of cells assessed. Data were analyzed using Student’s t test. Significant differences between control and treated cells belonging to the same category are indicated by asterisks. *, P < 0.01; n = 200.