Figure 10.
Diagram of a proposed model of VIP1-mediated osmosensory signaling. Under steady conditions, VIP1 localizes in the cytoplasm, probably by interacting with the 14-3-3 protein, ATHK1, and/or unknown osmosensors. When turgor pressure is increased (Turgor increase), the nuclear localization of VIP1 is rapidly enhanced and VIP1 binds to the CYP707A1/3 promoters and activates their transcription. VIP1 may be phosphorylated by Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) in the nucleus, which promotes its interaction with the 14-3-3 protein.