Table 3.

Guideline Elements: Outcomes (>80% Panel Consensus)

An ED-based risk stratification tool should:

11 Identify serious outcomes that are recognized during the ED evaluation

12 Identify serious outcomes occurring within 7 days after the ED visit

13 Identify serious outcomes occurring 7–30 days after the ED visit

Clinically important serious outcomes that should be predicted by a risk stratification tool include:

Mortality:

14 Cardiac death

15 Syncope-related death

Arrhythmias

16 Ventricular fibrillation

17 Ventricular tachycardia > 30 seconds

18 Symptomatic ventricular tachycardia < 30 seconds

19 Sick sinus syndrome with alternating sinus bradycardia and tachycardia

20 Sinus pause > 3 seconds

21 Mobitz type II atrioventricular heart block

22 Complete heart block

23 Pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator malfunction with cardiac pauses.

Structural/ Ischemic Heart Disease

24 Aortic stenosis with valve area ≤ 1 cm2

25 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with outflow tract obstruction

26 Left atrial myxoma or thrombus with outflow tract obstruction

27 Myocardial infarction

Other Outcomes

28 Pulmonary embolus

29 Aortic dissection

30 Internal hemorrhage or anemia requiring transfusion

31 Recurrent syncope or fall resulting in major traumatic injury (trauma that requires admission or procedural/surgical intervention)

32 Permanent pacemaker or defibrillator placement

33 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation