Table 1.

Patient characteristics

			Case
	1	2	3	4
Age	80	40	44	51
Sex	male	male	male	female
Primary disease	diverticulitis	diverticulitis	diverticulitis	Crohn's disease
Enteric fistula	sigmoid colon	sigmoid colon	sigmoid colon	ileum
Bladder fistula	base	trigone	body	base
Fistula treatment	direct sharp dissection	stapling dissection	direct sharp dissection with additional suturing	direct sharp dissection
Operating time, min	325	235	233	100
Blood loss, g	190	200	520	250
Complication	wound infection	none	none	none