Figure 3. USP9X loss promotes PDA.
a–c, Decreased USP9X expression correlates with shortened survival in Australian post-surgical cohort (a) (8.7 vs. 18.4 months, p=0.0076; log-rank test), increased metastatic burden in American autopsy series (b) (54% vs. 19%, p=0.0212; Fisher’s exact test), and diminished survival in German post-surgical cohort (c) (11.1 vs. 16.1 months, p=0.037; log-rank test). d, Trichostatin A (TSA, Red) and 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZA, Blue) modestly increase USP9X mRNA expression. The mean and s.e.m. of one representative experiment performed in triplicate are shown. e, Usp9x deletion promotes mPanIN progression in KCU mice (p<0.0001; Fisher’s exact test). f, Representative normal pancreas (CU), mPanIN1 (KC), mPanIN3 (KCU) and microinvasive mPDA (KCU, arrow, circled). Scale bar: 100μm.