Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to CYP2C19 metabolic phenotype
| Variables n (%) | Total population (n = 127) | Extensive metabolizer (n = 48) | Intermediate metabolizer (n = 54) | Poor metabolizer (n = 25) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.9 ± 10.9 | 61.3 ± 12.3 | 63.4 ± 9.8 | 65.1 ± 10.3 | 0.351 |
| Male | 89 (70.1) | 33 (68.8) | 38 (70.4) | 18 (72.0) | 0.795 |
| BMI (kg m–2) | 24.3 ± 3.1 | 24.0 ± 3.0 | 24.7 ± 3.3 | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 0.531 |
| Clinical presentation | |||||
| Stable angina | 32 (25.2) | 10 (20.8) | 16 (29.6) | 6 (24.0) | 0.259 |
| Unstable angina | 40 (31.5) | 14 (29.2) | 16 (29.6) | 10 (40.0) | |
| NSTEMI | 29 (22.8) | 12 (25.0) | 10 (18.5) | 7 (28.0) | |
| STEMI | 26 (20.5) | 12 (25.0) | 12 (22.2) | 2 (8.0) | |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 45 (35.4) | 11 (22.9) | 23 (42.6) | 11 (44.0) | 0.045 |
| Hypertension | 68 (53.5) | 23 (47.9) | 29 (53.7) | 16 (64.0) | 0.229 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 32 (25.2) | 11 (22.9) | 11 (20.4) | 10 (40.0) | 0.214 |
| Current smoking | 56 (44.1) | 21 (43.8) | 23 (42.6) | 12 (18.0) | 0.810 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17 (13.4) | 7 (14.6) | 8 (14.8) | 2 (8.0) | 0.599 |
| History | |||||
| Previous MI | 67 (52.8) | 29 (60.4) | 26 (48.1) | 12 (48.0) | 0.279 |
| Previous CABG | 4 (3.1) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (8.0) | 0.310 |
| Previous stroke | 4 (3.1) | 1 (2.1) | 2 (3.7) | 1 (4.0) | 0.737 |
| Concomitant medications | |||||
| Statin | 116 (91.3) | 46 (95.8) | 46 (85.2) | 24 (96.0) | 0.832 |
| CYP 3A4 metabolized | 102 (80.3) | 37 (77.1) | 42 (77.8) | 23 (92.0) | 0.227 |
| β-adrenoceptor blocker | 107 (84.7) | 39 (81.3) | 46 (85.2) | 22 (88.0) | 0.512 |
| Angiotensin blockade | 106 (91.3) | 48 (100.0) | 45 (83.3) | 23 (92.0) | 0.438 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 22 (17.3) | 8 (16.7) | 12 (22.2) | 2 (8.0) | 0.533 |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 4 (3.1) | 2 (4.2) | 2 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.508 |
| LV ejection fraction ≤45% | 22 (17.3) | 12 (25.0) | 7 (13.0) | 3 (12.0) | 0.116 |
| Haemoglobin (g dl–1) | 12.9 ± 1.4 | 13.0 ± 1.7 | 12.6 ± 1.3 | 13.0 ± 1.2 | 0.254 |
| Platelet count (× 103 mm–3) | 285.0 ± 91.4 | 283.4 ± 86.7 | 288.2 ± 100.8 | 281.0 ± 81.7 | 0.940 |
| Hb A1C (%) | 6.5 ± 1.2 | 6.3 ± 0.9 | 6.5 ± 1.4 | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 0.716 |
| GFR (MDRD (ml min–1 1.73 m–2) | 85.3 ± 23.5 | 82.6 ± 23.6 | 87.0 ± 25.1 | 86.8 ± 19.8 | 0.609 |
| Total cholesterol (mg dl–1) | 135.6 ± 26.4 | 136.9 ± 25.2 | 133.6 ± 27.4 | 137.3 ± 27.0 | 0.778 |
| Target artery | |||||
| Left anterior descending | 69 (54.3) | 28 (58.3) | 28 (51.9) | 13 (52.0) | 0.352 |
| Right coronary | 33 (26.0) | 12 (25.0) | 13 (24.1) | 8 (32.0) | |
| Left circumflex | 21 (16.5) | 6 (12.5) | 11 (20.4) | 4 (16.0) | |
| Left main | 4 (3.1) | 2 (4.2) | 2 (3.7) | 0 (1.0) | |
| Intervention method | |||||
| Drug-eluting stent | 123 (96.8) | 46 (95.8) | 53 (98.1) | 24 (96.0) | 0.838 |
| Bare-metal stent | 2 (1.6) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.0) | |
| Ballooning only | 2 (1.6) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Multivessel intervention | 37 (29.1) | 11 (22.9) | 19 (35.2) | 7 (28.0) | 0.510 |
| Stent diameter (mm) | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 0.487 |
| Stents per patient | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 0.531 |
| Total stent length (mm) | 50.0 ± 32.9 | 47.0 ± 28.0 | 51.7 ± 36.3 | 51.8 ± 35.1 | 0.742 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD or as number of patients (%). BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CYP, cytochrome P450; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; Hb A1C, haemoglobin A1C; LV, left ventricular; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.