Table 2. Multivariable analysis of risk factors for 90-day all-cause deaths among 603 patients with MRSA bacteremia, New York, New York, USA, 2002–2007*.
| Risk factor | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted risk ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted risk difference† (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age‡ | 1.72 (1.29 to 2.30) | 1.34 (1.12 to 1.65) | 0.04 (0.03 to 0.05) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Black | 0.71 (0.39 to 1.29) | 0.85 (0.63 to 1.16) | –0.04 (–0.04 to –0.11) |
| Hispanic | 0.85 (0.45 to 1.58) | 0.93 (0.66 to 1.23) | –0.02 (–0.10 to 0.06) |
| Asian | 1.83 (0.92 to 3.66) | 1.30 (0.95 to 1.72) | 0.08 (–0.01 to 0.18) |
| Concurrent condition | |||
| Diabetes | 0.50 (0.31 to 0.83) | 0.73 (0.57 to 0.93) | –0.08 (–0.14 to –0.02) |
| Immunosuppressant use | 0.83 (0.37 to 1.83) | 0.92 (0.63 to 1.30) | –0.02 (–0.10 to 0.08) |
| Liver cirrhosis | 2.18 (1.16 to 4.12) | 1.40 (1.04 to 1.77) | 0.10 (0.01 to 0.19) |
| Renal insufficiency | 1.89 (1.18 to 3.01) | 1.33 (1.05 to 1.70) | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.14) |
| Other | |||
| Infectious disease consultation | 0.43 (0.26 to 0.69) | 0.69 (0.57 to 0.86) | –0.11 (–0.16 to –0.04) |
| History of MRSA infection | 0.77 (0.45 to 1.34) | 0.89 (0.70 to 1.13) | –0.03 (–0.09 to 0.04) |
| Nursing home residence | 3.08 (1.81 to 5.24) | 1.62 (1.31 to 2.06) | 0.15 (0.08 to 0.23) |
| Intensive care unit stay | 1.71 (1.17 to 2.50) | 1.29 (1.11 to 2.15) | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.20) |
| Vasopressor use | 15.44 (8.58 to 27.76) | 3.67 (2.66 to 4.66) | 0.48 (0.34 to 0.58) |
| Inappropriate antimicrobial drug therapy | 1.38 (0.73 to 2.63) | 1.15 (0.89 to 1.46) | 0.04 (–0.03 to 0.12) |
| MRSA strain | |||
| VISA | 0.58 (0.24 to 1.38) | 0.78 (0.49 to 1.19) | –0.06 (–0.15 to 0.05) |
| hVISA | 1.23 (0.54 to 2.82) | 1.10 (0.67 to 1.58) | 0.03 (–0.09 to 0.16) |
| Infection source | |||
| Pneumonia | 1.77 (0.85 to 3.64) | 1.28 (0.91 to 1.68) | 0.07 (–0.02 to 0.17) |
| Vascular graft infection | 0.21 (0.03 to 1.70) | 0.460 (0.005 to 0.940) | –0.15 (–0.29 to –0.02) |
| Endocarditis | 1.49 (0.80 to 2.79) | 1.19 (0.87 to 1.51) | 0.05 (–0.03 to 0.13) |
*Results from logistic regression with outcomes and covariates. MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. VISA, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strains, hVISA, heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strains. †Adjusted risk difference refers to the absolute difference in risk; for example, an adjusted risk difference of 0.10 signifies a 10% increased risk for all-cause deaths given that variable. ‡Measures are adjusted odds ratio for a 10-y difference and adjusted risk difference for effect of age 50–60 y.