Table 1.

Eligibility and Analytic Criteria Used to Establish Variables as Moderators and Mediators for the Baron & Kenny Approach and the MacArthur Approach

	Baron & Kenny approach		MacArthur approach
	M moderates T	M mediates T	M moderates T	M mediates T
Eligibility criteria
Temporal precedence of either T or M	[Not specified]	T before M	M before T	T before M
Association between T and M	[Not specified]	γ1 ≠ 0	γ1 = 0	γ1 ≠ 0
Analytical criteria	β3 ≠ 0	Assume β3 = 0; γ1β2 ≠ 0	β3 ≠ 0	Either β2 ≠ 0 or β3 ≠ 0

Note. Both use the linear models; O = β₀ + β₁T + β₂M + β₃MT + ε; and M = γ₀ + γ₁T + ε*, where ε and ε* are independent of T and M.