Table 2.

Repeated Measures Analysis of the Relationship between Food Insufficiency and Less Than 95% Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (36 cases, 47 outcomes, 1,264 interview months)

Variable	Univariable			Multivariablea,b
	O.R. [95% CI]	Z-statistic	p-value	O.R. [95% CI]	Z-statistic	p-value
Household food insufficiency (time-varying, any versus none)	2.2 [1.3, 3.8]	2.97	0.003	2.4 [1.4, 4.1]	3.07	0.002
Female gender	2.4 [1.1, 5.1]	2.24	0.03
Age (years)	0.97 [0.92, 1.03]	-0.91	0.36
CD4 count at antiretroviral therapy start (per 20 cells/μL increase)	1.02 [0.97, 1.07]	0.69	0.49
Active tuberculosis	0.65 [0.33, 1.3]	-1.25	0.21
Body mass index (BMI) <18 (kg/m2)	0.54 [0.19, 1.4]	-1.24	0.21
Has spouse or partner	1.1 [0.57, 2.2]	0.36	0.72
Low education level (primary school or illiterate)	0.69 [0.24, 1.9]	-0.71	0.48
Unemployed	1.0 [0.48, 2.0]	-0.03	0.98
Lacks basic services (water, electricity and/or plumbing)	1.2 [0.60, 2.4]	0.52	0.61
Passed a day without eating due to poverty	1.3 [0.68, 2.7]	0.85	0.39
Physician-diagnosed drug abuse/dependence	0.85 [0.18, 4.0]	-0.20	0.84
Physician-diagnosed alcohol abuse/dependence	0.79 [0.37, 1.7]	-0.61	0.55
Depression	1.4 [0.69, 2.9]	0.95	0.34
Good adherence self-efficacy	0.25 [0.09, 0.68]	-2.72	0.007	0.25 [0.09, 0.69]	-2.68	0.008
Social support score (per 5 point increase)	0.91 [0.84, 0.97]	-2.64	0.008	0.91 [0.85, 0.98]	-2.51	0.01
Quality of life score (per 5 point increase)	0.96 [0.83, 1.12]	-0.52	0.60
Perceived HIV stigma score (per 5 point increase)	1.03 [0.94, 1.12]	0.57	0.57

^aUnivariable models adjusted for day of treatment; multivariable models adjusted for day of treatment, study arm and variables shown.

^bAnalysis includes 1,261 interviews for 132 individuals with data for all covariates in model.