Table 1.
Participant Demographic Characteristics at Baseline (N=109)
| Probation Case Management (n= 65) |
Standard Probation (n= 44) |
t value | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean, SD) | 31.8 (7.1) | 33.0 (7.6) | 0.82 | 0.41 |
| Years of education (Mean, SD) | 11.2 (2.0) | 11.7 (2.1) | 1.27 | 0.21 |
| Ethnicity (%, n) | 0.0002 | |||
| African-American | 60 (39) | 66 (29) | ||
| White | 32 (21) | 14 (6) | ||
| Latina | 3 (2) | 9 (4) | ||
| Asian | 0 (0) | 5 (2) | ||
| Other | 5 (3) | 7 (3) | ||
| Major Problem Drug (%, n)** | 0.27 | |||
| None | 3 (2) | 5 (2) | ||
| Alcohol | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | ||
| Heroin, other opiates | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | ||
| Amphetamines | 0 (0) | 2 (1) | ||
| Cannabis | 8 (5) | 9 (4) | ||
| Cocaine | 18 (12) | 30 (13) | ||
| Alcohol + Drug | 42 (27) | 32 (14) | ||
| Polydrug | 29 (19) | 18 (8) | ||
| History of Injection Drug Use, Yes (%, n) | 43 (28) | 18 (8) | 0.0074 | |
| History of Incarceration, Yes (%, n) | 88 (57) | 98 (43) | 0.08 | |
| On Probation or Parole, Yes (%, n) | 94 (60) | 72 (31) | .0043 | |
| Prior Treatment Episodes (Mean, SD) | 5.4 (9.4) | 1.8 (2.5) | −2.9 | .0049 |
| Currently pregnant (%, n) | 9.7 (6) | 9.3 (4) | 1.0 | |
| Median number of pregnancies | 3 | 3 | 0.56 | |
| Median number of biological children | 1 | 2 | 0.53 | |
| Lifetime history of sexual abuse (%, n) | 49 (32) | 27 (12) | .0287 | |
| Lifetime history of physical abuse (%, n) | 78 (51) | 66(29) | 0.19 | |
*
Mean comparisons were made using t-test techniques. Medians were compared using Kruskal-Wallis, and proportions were compared using Fisher’s exact tests.
**
Self-report based on past 30 days. Four women reported no major drug problem.