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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 18.
Published in final edited form as: Biochem J. 2011 Apr 15;435(2):313–325. doi: 10.1042/BJ20102062

Figure 2. Potential mechanisms regulating the human NHE2 and NHE3 expression by pro-inflammatory cytokines in C2BBE1 cells: NHE2.

Figure 2

TNFα-mediated degradation of IκB-αin the cytoplasm and subsequent activation and translocation of NFκB to the nucleus results in its interaction with the NHE2 promoter. This leads to repressed NHE2 transcription and reduced levels of NHE2 mRNA, protein and function. NHE3. A combination of IFNγ/TNFαrepresses the NHE3 gene expression by PKA activation and translocation of its catalytic subunit to the nucleus where it phosphorylates the Sp1/Sp3. As a result, binding of Sp1/Sp3 to the promoter region is decreased leading to reduced NHE3 transcription, mRNA and protein expression and its function.