Table IV.
Effect of the Euro200 program on Academic Achievement
| Panel A: Children Survey | Panel B: Parent Survey | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
dependent variable |
Have a Computer |
Computer Use |
Internet | Games Installed |
Educational Software |
Have a Computer |
Computer Use |
Internet | Games Installed |
Educational Software |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | |
| Nonparametric | 0.546*** | 3.407*** | 0.011 | 0.497*** | 0.117*** | 0.548*** | 2.397*** | −0.007 | 0.594*** | 0.134*** |
| Bandwidth - 30 | [0.060] | [0.754] | [0.049] | [0.058] | [0.046] | [0.059] | [0.778] | [0.049] | [0.063] | [0.054] |
| Observations | 1,070 | 1,027 | 1,069 | 1,053 | 975 | 1,438 | 1,300 | 1,436 | 1,255 | 1,164 |
| Nonparametric | 0.518*** | 3.352*** | 0.029 | 0.476*** | 0.187*** | 0.541*** | 2.219*** | 0.005 | 0.544*** | 0.238*** |
| CV Bandwidth | [0.048] | [0.725] | [0.060] | [0.056] | [0.066] | [0.048] | [0.640] | [0.052] | [0.053] | [0.075] |
| Observations | 1,818 | 1,138 | 821 | 1,169 | 465 | 2,319 | 2,053 | 1,237 | 1,813 | 647 |
| Nonparametric | 0.699*** | 4.093*** | 0.066 | 0.751*** | 0.036 | 0.721*** | 2.492*** | 0.117 | 0.562*** | 0.163 |
| IK Bandwidth | [0.119] | [1.227] | [0.094] | [0.109] | [0.089] | [0.109] | [1.201] | [0.108] | [0.155] | [0.146] |
| Observations | 199 | 310 | 113 | 210 | 111 | 268 | 482 | 196 | 168 | 123 |
| Parametric | 0.520*** | 3.851*** | 0.068 | 0.491*** | 0.137*** | 0.541*** | 2.313*** | 0.038 | 0.570*** | 0.148*** |
| Quadratic Spline | [0.054] | [0.709] | [0.044] | [0.054] | [0.040] | [0.053] | [0.771] | [0.045] | [0.058] | [0.051] |
| Observations | 4,510 | 4,295 | 4,503 | 4,348 | 4,001 | 5,756 | 5,172 | 5,743 | 4,931 | 4,354 |
Notes: Robust standard errors clustered at the household level are in brackets.
***, ** and * indicate statistical significance at the 1, 5 and 10 percent level respectively. The dependent variables are defined in Tables I, II, and III. The reported coefficients are for the variable "Winner" is defined as 1 for individuals with an income below the program cutoff of 62.58 RON, 0 otherwise. All non-parametric specifications use a rectangular kernel. CV refers to the modified cross-validation procedure used to derive the optimal bandwidth; IK refers to the Imbens-Kalyanarman optimal bandwidth. All regressions include controls for age, gender, ethnicity and education of the head of household, as well as gender and age dummy variables of the child. Source: 2009 Euro 200 survey.