Table V.
Panel A: Children Survey | Panel B: Parent Survey | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
dependent variable | Computer for Games |
Computer for Homework |
Computer for Ed Software |
Computer for Internet |
Homework | TV | Homework | TV | Reading |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
Nonparametric | 0.136** | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.019 | −0.096 | −0.070 | −0.013 | −0.092 | −0.093*** |
Bandwidth - 30 | [0.054] | [0.009] | [0.012] | [0.027] | [0.059] | [0.064] | [0.059] | [0.065] | [0.034] |
Observations | 1,074 | 1,079 | 1,081 | 1,080 | 1,070 | 1,053 | 1,356 | 1,362 | 1,304 |
Nonparametric | 0.134** | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.019 | −0.072 | −0.084* | −0.049 | −0.084* | −0.093* |
CV Bandwidth | [0.053] | [0.014] | [0.000] | [0.026] | [0.057] | [0.049] | [0.048] | [0.050] | [0.047] |
Observations | 1,103 | 505 | 49 | 1,144 | 1,156 | 1,755 | 2,131 | 2,250 | 605 |
Nonparametric | 0.230* | −0.004 | 0.000 | 0.041 | −0.127 | −0.230* | −0.201* | −0.341** | −0.135** |
IK Bandwidth | [0.117] | [0.011] | [0.000] | [0.058] | [0.137] | [0.124] | [0.116] | [0.136] | [0.064] |
Observations | 190 | 136 | 83 | 142 | 221 | 214 | 282 | 268 | 177 |
Parametric | 0.144*** | −0.007 | 0.014 | 0.021 | −0.085 | −0.109* | −0.036 | −0.123** | −0.071** |
Quadratic Spline | [0.051] | [0.011] | [0.012] | [0.025] | [0.055] | [0.057] | [0.054] | [0.059] | [0.028] |
Observations | 4,502 | 4,509 | 4,506 | 4,509 | 4,438 | 4,411 | 5,365 | 5,377 | 5,130 |
Notes: Robust standard errors clustered at the household level are in brackets.
***, ** and * indicate statistical significance at the 1, 5 and 10 percent level respectively. The dependent variables are defined in Tables I, II, and III. The reported coefficients are for the variable "Winner" is defined as 1 for individuals with an income below the program cutoff of 62.58 RON, 0 otherwise. All non-parametric specifications use a rectangular kernel. CV refers to the modified cross-validation procedure used to derive the optimal bandwidth; IK refers to the Imbens-Kalyanarman optimal bandwidth. All regressions include controls for age, gender, ethnicity and education of the head of household, as well as gender and age dummy variables of the child. Source: 2009 Euro 200 survey.