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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 18.
Published in final edited form as: Age Ageing. 2007 Mar;36(2):203–209. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afl184

Table 3.

Change in alcoholic beverage consumption and hazard ratio (HR) of death: the Leisure World Cohort Study, 1981–2004

Male Female
Number of
subjects		 Number of
deaths		 Model 1: HR
(95% CI)		 Model 2: HR
(95% CI)		 Number of
subjects		 Number of
deaths		 Model 1: HR
(95% CI)		 Model 2: HR
(95% CI)
Change in consumption
Stable non-drinkers 260 212 1.0 1.0 652 442 1.0 1.0
Quitters 316 254 0.82 (0.68–0.99) 0.84 (0.70–1.02) 783 577 1.16 (1.03–1.32) 1.17 (1.03–1.33)
Starters 72 47 0.70 (0.51–0.96) 0.69 (0.50–0.96) 158 74 0.74 (0.58–0.95) 0.76 (0.59–0.98)
Stable drinkers 1124 805 0.71 (0.61–0.83) 0.67 (0.57–0.78) 2146 1255 0.87 (0.78–0.97) 0.85 (0.76–0.95)

Model 1: adjusted for age.

Model 2: adjusted for age, smoking, exercise, body mass index, caffeine consumption, and histories of hypertension, angina, heart attack, stroke, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.