Table 18: GRADE Quality of Evidence for Interventions – Modified Prolate Anterior Surface IOLs.

Outcome	Quality Assessment					Summary of Findings
	Design	Quality	Consistency	Directness	Other	Effect		Quality
Contrast Sensitivity	RCT	Moderate*	Uncertainty (1 study)	Direct	No sample size calculation. No information about dropouts or if consecutive patients randomized. 3 IOLs compared with multiple variations in design. No explicit primary objective.	Compared with spherical IOL, aspherical modified prolate IOL showed significantly better contrast sensitivity at 1 and 12 cycles per degree (photopic conditions). Compared with spherical blue light filtering IOL, aspherical modified prolate IOL showed significantly better contrast sensitivity at most frequencies (photopic conditions). Clinical significance of results not addressed by authors.		Very Low†
BCVA	Same RCT	Moderate*	Uncertainty (1 study)	Direct	Same as above. Not explicit if near or distant VA examined.	No significant difference Aspherical modified prolate Spherical Spherical blue light filtering	1.00±0.13 0.97±0.12 0.99±0.13	Very Low†

^*Downgraded due to study design (lack of details about randomization/blinding).

^†Downgraded due to uncertainty with methodological issues.