Executive Summary Table 3: Overall Summary Statement of the Benefit and Risk for Patient-Directed Interventions*.

	Intervention	Quality	Benefits	Risks/Burden	Overall Strength of Recommendation
Section 3.1: Physical Exercise for Seniors with Dementia – Secondary Prevention	Exercise – mix	Moderate	Improvement in functional, cognitive and behavioural outcomes	Short-term follow-up and heterogeneity in studies Unclear if leads to delayed institutionalization	Moderate
Section 3.2. Nonpharmacologic & Nonexercise Interventions to Improve Cognitive Functioning in Seniors with Dementia – Secondary Prevention	Cognitive training	Very low	None	Intervention does not offer significant benefit (possible type 2 error) Unclear if leads to delayed institutionalization	Very low
	Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST)	Moderate/Low	Increased cognition and quality of life	Unclear how CST compares with past terminologies and methodologies.	Low
				Short-term results.
				Role and extent of maintenance CST.
				Unclear how CST may impact functional dependence.
				Unclear if leads to delayed institutionalization.
Section 3.3. Physical Exercise for Delaying the Onset of Dementia – Primary Prevention	Exercise – walking only	High/Moderate	Short-term decreased incidence of dementia	Unknown if leads to delayed institutionalization.	High/Moderate
	Exercise – mix	High/Moderate	Short-term reduced risk of subsequent cognitive decline	Unknown if leads to delayed diagnosis of dementia or institutionalization.	High/Moderate
	Exercise – mix	Moderate	Long-term decreased incidence of dementia	Unknown if leads to delayed institutionalization.	Moderate
Section 3.4. Nonpharmacologic & Nonexercise Interventions for Delaying the Onset of Dementia – Primary Prevention	Cognitive interventions	Low	Cognitive improvements sustained after 5 years	Results addressing functional outcomes unclear.	Very low
				Need more than 5-year follow-up.
			(however, none of these improvements had effects beyond the specific cognitive domains of the intervention)	No evidence to determine if cognitive training leads to: 1) delayed diagnosis of dementia 2) delayed institutionalization