Table 7: Summary of Study Characteristics: Model 1.

Study, Design (N), Country	Inclusion Criteria†	Intervention Group			Setting	Control¶	Outcomes#	Length of FU (Freq. of FU)**	Study Quality
		Care provider	Types of Interventions Delivered	Method of Care Delivery
MODEL OF CARE: 1. At least a registered nurse, registered dietician and physician (primary care and/or specialist)
California Medi-Cal Diabetes Study Group, 2004 (14) RCT (N = 335) USA	T2DM (>1y duration), age ≥18 y, HbA1c ≥7.5%	RN, RD, E, PCP, CDE	Diabetes education Diet counselling Pharmacotherapy management Exercise advice or training Promotion of self-care, behavioural modification or problem-solving skills Integration of multidisciplinary team with primary care Case management or care coordination Smoking cessation counselling Psychosocial counselling Blood glucose self-monitoring Program retention strategies Program discharge plan Foot care Weight management Prevention and management of retinopathy, nephropathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia & CVD	Clinic visits (Individual)	Community outpatient clinics (n=3)	Usual care (by PCP)	Primary: HbA1c	36 months (every 6 months)	High
Gaede, et al, 2001 (13) RCT (N = 149) Denmark	T2DM, age 45-65y	RN, RD, MD	Diabetes education (structured program) Diet counselling Pharmacotherapy management Exercise advice or training Promotion of self-care, behavioural modification or problem-solving skills Smoking cessation counselling	Clinic visits (Individual & Group)	Hospital outpatient clinic	Usual care (by PCP)	†† HbA1c, total-and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, body weight, current smokers, daily dietary intake, exercise, use of glucose- or lipid-lowering drugs	Mean: 3.8 years (every 3 months)	Moderate
Groeneveld, et al, 2001 (16) Cluster RCT N = 246 Netherlands	T2DM, age <76y, treated by a PCP	dRN (CDE), RD, PCP	Diabetes education Diet counselling Pharmacotherapy management Integration of multidisciplinary team with primary care	Clinic visits (Individual)	Primary carepractices (n=15)	Usual care (by PCP)	†† HbA1c, FBG, lipids, BP, weight	12 months (every 3 months)	Moderate
Johansen, et al, 2007 (15) RCT N = 106 Norway	T2DM, age 18-75 y, Caucasian, ≥ 1 CV risk factor	dRN, RD, D, Physio	Diabetes education (structured program) Diet counselling Pharmacotherapy management Exercise advice or training Remuneration for gymnasium membership	Clinic visits (Individual & Group)	Hospital outpatient clinic	Usual care (by PCP)	†† HbA1c; BP; FBG; total, HDL and LDL cholesterol; triglycerides; microalbumin-uria; leisure-time activity; HRQoL	24 months (every 3 months)	High
Maislos, et al, 2004 (12) Cluster RCT N = 82 Israel	T2DM, poorly controlled HbA1c (≥10%)	dRN (CDE), RD, D	Diabetes education (structured program) Diet counselling Pharmacotherapy management Exercise advice or training Promotion of self-care, behavioural modification or problem-solving skills Integration of multidisciplinary team with primary care Blood glucose self-monitoring	Clinic visits (Individual)	Primary carepractices (n=2)	Usual care (by PCP, RN)	†† HbA1c, compliance in attending clinic	6 months (as needed)	Low

^*RCT, randomized controlled trial

^†BP, blood pressure; CV, cardiovascular; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; mo, months; PCP, primary care physician; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; y, years

^‡NA, not available (contacted study author; data unavailable); NR, not reported

^§CDE, certified diabetic educator; D, diabetologist; dRN, diabetes specialist nurse; E, endocrinologist; HCP, health care professional; MD, physician (unspecified specialty); PCP, primary care physician; Pharm, pharmacist; Physio, physiotherapist; RD, registered dietician; RN, registered nurse

^‖PCP, primary care physician

^¶MD, physician; PCP, primary care physician; Pharm, pharmacist; RN, nurse

^#blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

^**FU, follow-up

^††No specification of primary or secondary outcomes