Table 10: Existing Systematic Review of the Role of the Nurse in Treating Urinary Incontinence^*.

Systematic Review, Year	Intervention	Number of Studies Included in Review	Results and Conclusions	Comments
Du Moulin et al., 2005 (50)	An intervention with a nurse playing an important role in patient care versus usual care or no treatment Not limited to seniors	11 RCTs	Variation among studies in age, inclusion criteria, outcomes, setting Variation in intervention components, but majority included a combination of treatment elements, of which most common included PFMT, bladder training, and patient education All studies reported a significantly greater reduction in incontinence episodes in the intervention group. However, most studies had follow-up periods less than 1 year. One of the 2 RCTs reporting on costs found a significant reduction in costs relating to treatment, but no formal cost-utility analysis was conducted Overall Conclusion: There is limited evidence that treatment by nurses results in a decrease in incontinence.	Not limited to NCA/CNS (only 8/11 studies had nurses that were skilled or specially trained in managing UI) No pooled estimate of effect Ambiguity in definition of usual care in control groups

^*CNS refers to clinical nurse specialist; NCA, nurse continence advisor; RCT, to randomized controlled trial.