Table 12: Before/After IC3 Project – Improving Continence Care in the Community^*.

Intervention	Methods	Participants	Outcomes	Results
A new interdisciplinary model consisting of NCA Continence Clinics for integrating continence care in the community	Participants recruited from 2 CCACs (Hamilton-Wentworth and Grey Bruce) 3 NCA continence clinic sites established in each CCAC region 9-month duration 3 clinic visits Behavioural interventions included: behaviour modification related to lifestyle options, PFMT, bowel program, fluid intake, weight reduction, personal hygiene changes, and incontinence product options	N=122, 84% female, mean age 74.5 y Majority had RAI continence scores of frequently or occasionally incontinent (58%) Primary diagnosis: 60% urge UI, 17% stress UI, and 16% mixed UI	Goal Attainment Score Quality of life Cost	Continence Goal Attainment Score: Of the 94 clients who completed at least 1 follow-up visit, there was a significant improvement in Continence Goal Attainment Scores at discharge (mean change in score from baseline 27.74 (score increases if client is able to work on their goals), P < .001) Incontinence Quality of Life Score (IQOL): There was a significant improvement in IQOL score for patients who completed the program (mean change 20.51, P < .001) Cost: The estimated cost of providing continence care in a clinic setting versus home visiting per individual client for an initial assessment followed by 2 follow-up visits is substantially lower ($120.83 per client in the clinic versus $233.33 per client in the home visit – a cost difference of $112.50). The major driver of this cost difference relates to the time involved in a home visit compared with a clinic visit. Dowell-Bryant Incontinence Cost Index (DBICI): Index measures personal costs related to incontinence. The mean annual cost of disposable products is reduced by 24% for each client who regains/improves his or her continence.

^*CCAC refers to Community Care Access Centre; CNS, clinical nurse specialist; NCA, nurse continence advisor; RAI, resident assessment index; PFMT, pelvic floor muscle training; RCT, randomized controlled trial; UI, urinary incontinence.