Table A6: Prevalence of Asymptomatic Celiac Disease in Patients with Osteopenia or Osteoporosis.

Study Country N	Study Design Recruitment	Patient Population Symptoms	CD diagnosis criteria Osteopenia/Osteoporosis definition	Prevalence of Celiac Diseases
Armagan et al. (34) (2005) Turkey N=89 premenopausal women with idiopathic low BMD N=76 controls Adults	• Study Design Cross-sectional • Recruitment No details on recruitment. Premenopausal, idiopathic low BMD, normal calcium levels Control: healthy premenopausal women without osteoporosis • Exclusion Criteria - Conditions and medications that affect bone metabolism - Diseases associated with CD - Use of calcium (> 1.5 g/d) or vitamin D (> 800 lU/d) among others	• Patient Population Mean Age Low BMD: 36.0 (25-44) Control: 35.0 (25-45) Female: 100% (low BMD and controls) • Participation rate Not reported	• CD diagnosis Serology (IgA AGA, IgA EMA if AGA positive) • Low BMD definition BMD lumbar spine ≥ 2.5 SD below the young adult mean	• IgA EMA 9 (10.1%) Control: 0 p value not provided
Gonzalez et al. (35)(2002) Argentina N=127 postmenopausal, osteoporotic women N= 747 controls (not age-matched)	• Study Design Cross-sectional • Recruitment Consecutive postmenopausal, osteoporotic women Control: from population-based study, not age-matched • Exclusion Criteria Not reported	• Patient Population Mean age Osteoporosis: 68 (50-82) yrs Control: 29 (16-79) yrs) Female: 100% (osteoporosis and controls) • Participation rate Not reported	• CD diagnosis Serology (IgA or IgG AGA, IgA EMA if AGA positive) Confirmed by biopsy • Osteoporosis definition ≥ 1 nontraumatic fracture and/or femoral neck BMD T-score < 2.5	• IgA EMA 1 (0.8%) Control: 6 (0.8%) p value not provided
Vancikova et al. (36) (2002) Czech Republic N=102 osteoporosis N=1,312 controls Adults	• Study Design Cross-sectional • Recruitment Recruitment method not reported. Patients with primary osteoporosis included. Controls: blood donors • Exclusion Criteria Secondary causes of osteoporosis.	• Patient Population Mean age Osteoporosis: 64 (45-85) yrs Controls: 35 (18-60) yrs Female Osteoporosis: 97 (95.1%) Control: 523 (39.9%) • Participation rate Not reported	• CD diagnosis Serology (IgA, IgG AGA, igA tTG, EMA) • Osteoporosis definition Not reported	• IgA tTG 7 (6.9%) Controls: 92 (7.0%) • IgA EMA 1 (1.0%) Controls: 6 (0.5%) p value not provided

AGA refers to anti-gliadin antibody; BMD bone mineral density; CD celiac disease; EMA endomysial antibody; f-up follow-up; IgA immunoglobulin A; mos months; SD standard deviation; tTG tissue trasnglutaminase; yr year