Table 8: Risk of Lymphoma in Patients with Asymptomatic Celiac Disease.

Study N Follow-up	Study Design Statistical Analysis	Patient Population Symptoms	Celiac disease diagnosis Lymphoma diagnosis criteria	RR (95% CI) Lymphoma (celiac disease vs. control)	Site of lymphoma GFD	Participation Rate Withdrawals
Lohi et al. (26) (2009) N= 6,849 202 CD (IgA tTG) 73 CD (IgA EMA) 6,647 controls Period: 1978-1996	• Study Design Retrospective cohort F-up: up to 19 yrs • Recruitment Sample of general population with positive serologic celiac disease test identified through population-based health survey used. No previous CD or malignancy diagnosis. Controls: subjects from the same cohort with negative serology or positive only to 1st IgA tTG • Analysis Cox regression. RR age and sex adjusted	• Asymptomatic Celiac disease Mean age ± SD: 59.1 ± 14.2 yrs (tTG) 49.3 ± 11.9 yrs (EMA) Female: 61.4% (tTG) 71.6% (EMA) • Controls Mean age ± SD: 50.6 yrs Female: 53.5%	• CD diagnosis Serology (positive in 2 tests, either 2 IgA tTG or 1 IgA tTG and IgA EMA) • Lymphoma diagnosis Malignancies extracted from the national cancer registry	• Risk of NHL Among IgA tTG positive RR: 2.92 (0.87, 9.74) Events: 3 Among IgA EMA positive RR: 6.43 (1.52, 27.22) Events: 2	• Lymphoma location: Groin, low extremities, tonsils, skin, esophagus • GFD during f-up Not reported	• 90% agreed to participate • 87% with blood sample • CD or cancer diagnosis beteween 1978-1980 excluded (n=144, 2.1%)

CD celiac disease; CI confidence interval; EMA endomysial antibody; f-up follow-up; GFD gluten-free diet; IgA immunoglobulin A; NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma OR odds ratio; SD standard deviation; tTG tissue transglutaminase