Table 16: Summary of Meta-Analyses of Studies Investigating the Effectiveness of Interventions on the Risk of Falls in Community-Dwelling Seniors^*.

Intervention		RR [95% CI]
Exercise programs
1.	Targeted programs
	General population	0.81 [0.67–0.98]
	High-risk population	0.93 [0.82–1.06]
	Short duration	0.91 [0.73–1.13]
	Long duration	0.89 [0.79–1.01]
2. Untargeted programs
	General population	0.78 [0.66–0.91]
	High risk population	0.89 [0.72–1.10]
	Short duration	0.85 [0.71–1.01]
	long duration	0.76 [0.64–0.91]
3. Combined targeted vs. untargeted programs
	General population	N/A
	High-risk population	0.87 [0.57–1.34]
	Short duration	1.11 [0.73–1.70]
	Long duration	0.73 [0.57–0.95]
Vision intervention
	Assessment/referral	1.12 [0.82–1.53]
	Cataract surgery	1.11 [0.92–1.35]
Environmental modifications
	Low-risk population	1.03 [0.75–1.41]
	High-risk population	0.66 [0.54–0.81]
	General population	0.85 [0.75–0.97]
Drugs/nutritional supplements
	Vitamin D (men and women)	0.94 [0.77–1.14]
	Vitamin D (women only)	0.55 [0.29–1.08]
	Vitamin D and calcium (men and women)	0.89 [0.74–1.07]
	Vitamin D and calcium (women only)	0.83 [0.73–0.95]
	Medication withdrawal	0.34 [0.16–0.74]†
Gait-stabilizing device		0.43 [0.29–0.64]
Multifactorial intervention
	Geriatric screening (general population)	0.87 [0.69–1.10]
	High-risk population	0.86 [0.75–0.98]

^*CI refers to confidence interval; N/A, not applicable; RR relative risk.

^†Hazard ratio is presented, because relative risk was not reported