Table 2.
Mean Values (SDs) for Fall Risk and Current Physical Activity Level – Baseline, Trial Completion, 8-Month Follow-up, and 12-Month Follow-up
| Variable*† | Baseline | Trial Completion | 8-Month F/U | 12-Month F/U |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) (N = 98) | Mean (SD) (N = 98) | Mean (SD) (N = 93) | Mean (SD) (N = 89) | |
| Resistance | (n = 32) | (n = 32) | (n = 31) | (n = 30) |
| Fall Risk Score | 2.2 (0.7) | 1.0 (1.0)§ | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.3 (1.0)¶ |
| Postural Sway (mm) | 230.1 (93.1) | 159.6 (82.0)|| | 176.30 (86.24) | 188.2 (96.1) |
| Quadriceps Strength (kg) | 17.2 (7.2) | 18.9 (8.6) | 19.2 (7.7) | 18.7 (8.6) |
| Hand Reaction Time (msec) | 328.3 (44.3) | 267.8 (52.3) | 277.0 (55.8) | 283.0 (59.5) |
| Proprioception (deg) | 2.2 (2.1) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.2) | 2.0 (2.1) |
| Edge Contrast (dB) | 17.8 (2.1) | 19.2 (2.2) | 19.5 (1.8) | 19.5 (1.8) |
| PASE Score | 98.0 (51.8) | 100.6 (45.4) | 92.9 (48.5) | 103.6 (49.5) |
| Agility | (n = 34) | (n = 34) | (n = 33) | (n = 32) |
| Fall Risk Score | 2.4 (0.9) | 1.3 (0.9)§ | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.1)¶ |
| Postural Sway | 219.2 (80.3) | 155.3 (91.1)|| | 175.7 (87.1) | 175.5 (78.1) |
| Quadriceps Strength | 17.0 (6.5) | 17.2 (7.9) | 18.4 (7.5) | 16.2 (7.2) |
| Hand Reaction Time | 337.8 (61.4) | 294.9 (55.1) | 286.6 (57.9) | 290.8 (63.0) |
| Proprioception | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.7 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.5) |
| Edge Contrast | 17.3 (2.3) | 18.7 (2.7) | 19.0 (3.0) | 18.9 (3.5) |
| PASE Score | 83.3 (35.1) | 97.5 (37.0) | 91.1 (45.9) | 108.8 (40.4) |
| Stretching | (n = 32) | (n = 32) | (n = 29) | (n = 27) |
| Fall Risk Score | 1.9 (0.8) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.3 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.0)¶ |
| Postural Sway | 217.0 (104.7) | 217.4 (148.2) | 207.1 (124.8) | 197.8 (181.1) |
| Quadriceps Strength | 16.1 (7.2) | 17.5 (6.4) | 19.2 (6.8) | 17.5 (9.2) |
| Hand Reaction Time | 307.6 (43.1) | 280.7 (60.2) | 274.2 (53.8) | 271.5 (50.3) |
| Proprioception | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.8 (1.2) | 2.2 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.3) |
| Edge Contrast | 18.0 (1.5) | 18.6 (1.9) | 19.7 (1.6) | 19.6 (2.3) |
| PASE Score | 73.6 (30.0) | 101.8 (42.9) | 94.7 (45.2) | 110.0 (58.1) |
F/U = follow-up
SD = standard deviation
PASE = Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly
mm = millimetres
kg = kilograms
msec = milliseconds
deg = degrees
dB = decibels
High fall risk scores, high sway values, high reaction time values, low quadriceps strength values, and low edge contrast scores indicate impaired performances. PASE scores may range from 0 to 400 (or higher), with a higher value indicative of higher levels of physical activity.
Significantly different from the Stretching group at P < .01 (by forced entry multiple linear regression analysis) 9.
Significantly different from the Stretching group at P < .05 (by forced entry multiple linear regression analysis) 9.
Significantly different from baseline value at P ≤ .001 (by paired t-tests).