Figure 4. NaPB inhibits the activation of NF-κB and the production of ROS via modulation of p21^ras and p21^rac.

A) Mouse BV-2 microglial cells preincubated with different concentrations of FTI and GGTI were stimulated with LPS for 60 min followed by monitoring the activation of NF-κB by EMSA. B) Cells preincubated with different concentrations of FTI and GGTI were stimulated with LPS for 10 min followed by monitoring the production of superoxide. Results are mean + SD of three different experiments. ^ap<0.001 vs control; ^bp<0.001 vs LPS. C) Cells were transfected with Δp21^ras, Δp21^rac or an empty vector using Lipofectamine Plus. Twenty-four hour after transfection, cells were stimulated with LPS followed by monitoring superoxide production at 15 and 30 min of stimulation. ^ap<0.001 vs control; ^bp<0.001 vs LPS-15 min; ^cp<0.001 vs LPS-30 min. D) Cells preincubated with 500 µM NaPB were stimulated with LPS. At different time points, activation of p21^ras and p21^rac was monitored. Results represent three independent experiments.