Table 2. Transcript levels of −DMSO and +DMSO HepaRG-AMC-BALs.

Gene	−DMSO	+DMSO	Fold change	P value
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α	77±31	116±8	1.5×↑	0.048
Pregnane X receptor	103±28	181±98	1.8×↑	0.066
Cytochrome P450 3A4	88±42	143±18	1.6×↑	0.076
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase	29±7	1±0	29×↓	0.000
Arginase 1	16±11	1±1	16×↓	0.031
Glutamine synthetase	405±202	224±91	1.8×↓	0.014

Transcript levels are indicated as % of mean mRNA levels of two human liver samples and normalized for 18S ribosomal RNA. The change in transcript levels of +DMSO BALs relative to the −DMSO BALs are indicated with ↑ for upregulation and ↓ for downregulation. Abbreviations: DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; AMC-BAL, Academic Medical Center-bioartificial liver. Values are given as means ± standard deviations (n = 5 to 6). P values refer to −DMSO versus +DMSO BALs.