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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2012 Apr 17;107(8):1404–1417. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03843.x

Table 4.

Association of Co-Occurring Cannabis and Tobacco vs. Cannabis Only Use with Cannabis Outcomes.

Study Group of Co-Occurring Users Comparison Group Outcome Statistic
de Dios, 2009 Cannabis users + persistent tobacco smokers Cannabis users + tobacco quitters Adjusted odds ratio of cannabis relapse 1.71*
de Dios, 2009 Cannabis users + tobacco initiators Cannabis users + tobacco quitters Adjusted odds ratio of cannabis relapse 3.08*
Gray, 2011 Regular cannabis users + regular cigarette smokers Regular cannabis users Change in days of cannabis use from baseline to week 1 of treatment β (slope) = -1.33 vs. -3.17*
Gray, 2011 Regular cannabis users + regular cigarette smokers Regular cannabis users Change in cannabis joints/day from baseline to week 1 of treatment β (slope) = -1.15 vs. -2.34*
Moore, 2001 Current dependent cannabis users + cigarette smokers Current dependent cannabis users + ex-cigarette smokers % cannabis-negative urine tests during treatment 24.4 vs. 49.4*
Moore, 2001 Current dependent cannabis users + cigarette smokers Current dependent cannabis users + never-cigarette smokers % cannabis-negative urine tests during treatment 24.4 vs. 35.0
Moore, 2001 Current dependent cannabis users + cigarette smokers Current dependent cannabis users + ex-cigarette smokers Mean weeks of continuous cannabis abstinence during treatment 2.8 vs. 5.6*
Moore, 2001 Current dependent cannabis users + cigarette smokers Current dependent cannabis users + never-cigarette smokers Mean weeks of continuous cannabis abstinence during treatment 2.8 vs. 3.7

Note. Asterisks indicate that co-occurring users reported significantly poorer outcomes than cannabis only users.