Table 1.

Biomechanical model outputs

Disc tissue loads	Ligament forces	Facet loads	Intervertebral range of motion
Superior endplate compression	Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)	Right facet load	Sagittal
Superior endplate anterior/posterior (A/P) shear	Interspinous ligament (ISF)	Left facet load	Lateral
Superior endplate lateral shear	Ligamentum flavum (LF)		Transverse
Inferior endplate compression	Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
Inferior endplate anterior/posterior (A/P) shear	Right intertransverse ligament (R TL)
Inferior endplate lateral shear	Left intertransverse ligament (L TL)
	Supraspinous ligament (SSL)
	Right capsular ligament (R CL)
	Left capsular ligament (L CL)