Table 2.
Number of first approaches consistent with the label and the pointing gesture in all conditions
| First touch | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labeled object | Pointed-to object | Next to pointed-to objecta | Other | |
| Paddy | ||||
| Pointing Baseline (N = 43) | 20 (47 %)*** | 4 (9 %) | 19 (44 %) | |
| Familiar Label Baseline (N = 47) | 21 (45 %)*** | 26 (55 %) | ||
| Mutual Exclusivity (N = 12) | 6 (50 %)* | 6 (50 %) | ||
| Ostensive Naming (N = 12) | 12 (100 %)*** | |||
| Familiar Label Conflict (N = 10) | 5 (50 %)* | 5 (50 %)* | ||
| Novel Label Conflict (N = 12) | 4 (33 %) | 8 (67 %)** | ||
| Betsy | ||||
| Pointing Baseline (N = 54) | 32 (59 %)*** | 9 (17 %) | 13 (24 %) | |
| Familiar Label Baseline (N = 46) | 26 (57 %)*** | 20 (43 %) | ||
| Mutual Exclusivity (N = 11) | 3 (27 %) | 8 (73 %) | ||
| Ostensive Naming (N = 12) | 9 (75 %)*** | 3 (25 %)b | ||
| Familiar Label Conflict (N = 12) | 6 (50 %)* | 4 (34 %) | 2 (18 %) | |
| Novel Label Conflict (N = 11) | 2 (18 %) | 9 (82 %)* | ||
Asterisks indicate performance significantly above chance level. Cells are blank when this option was not available in a condition * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001
aNext to pointed-to object is the labeled object in conflict conditions
b2 times novel object, 1 time familiar object