Table 1.
Increased expression of FasL, TRAIL, TRAIL-R2, and -R4 at the site of infection during ulcerative leishmaniasis.
| Healthy skin | Ulcerative CL | Non-ulcerative CL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epidermis | |||
| Apoptosis | Absent | High | Low |
| Proliferation | Low | High | Low |
| FasL | Absent | Absent | Absent |
| Fas | Moderate | High | High |
| TRAIL | Low | High | Moderate |
| TRAIL-R1 | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
| TRAIL-R2 | Low | High | Moderate |
| TRAIL-R3 | High | High | Not done |
| TRAIL-R4 | Absent | Moderate | Not done |
| Dermis | |||
| Apoptosis | Low | High | Low |
| Proliferation | Low | Low | Low |
| FasL | Absent | High | Low |
| Fas | Low | High | High |
| TRAIL | Absent | High | Moderate |
| TRAIL-R1 | Absent | Low | Low |
| TRAIL-R2 | Absent | Moderate | Low |
Expression of FasL andTRAIL and their receptors together with detection of apoptosis was visualized in human skin biopsies obtained from L. major-induced CL in Iran and L. aethiopica-induced CL in Ethiopia and compared to endemic healthy controls. A total of 51 biopsies were assessed: healthy individuals (n = 11), ulcerative LCL induced by L. major (n = 8), L. aethiopica (n = 19), and nonulcerative DCL induced by L. aethiopica (n = 13; Eidsmo et al., 2005, 2007; Tasew et al., 2010).